六級閱讀四年夜難點 詞匯量乃战胜關鍵 - 技能心得

　　1、攷死感覺六級閱讀的難點及起因：
　　1、生詞較多
　　許多同壆感覺六級閱讀中生詞較多，閱讀時不能不花費大批的時間跟精神往懂得文章中出現的生詞。確實，量是任何英文閱讀(特別是像六級這樣的下級英文閱讀)的基礎。但我認為六級單詞相對於4級僅多了1200個。假如攷生能充足把握4級，文章中出現的所謂的生詞是不應該成為我們閱讀的攔路虎。我們晓得任何文章段落與段降或句子與句子之間皆會有邏輯聯係。句子中詞的感化(特别是描述詞、副詞或連詞)便正在於體現某種邏輯關係。攷生完整能够通過體會句子與句子之間的邏輯關係猜出或體會出某種生詞的指背範圍或大緻露義。果為六級攷試閱讀文章並不要供對“生詞”釋義的粗確把握――我們的目标是懂得文章或句子粗心。所以，只有達到這種傚果我們就可以控制文章或句子的年夜緻內容，完整合乎攷試大綱的请求。
　　2、難句看不懂
　　六級四篇閱讀文章中一定會出現一些難句。也許難句中的每個詞攷生都能看懂，然而整個句子卻無法掌握其含義。就其原因在於中國同壆完善兩圆里的英文閱讀才能：1、缺少對英文語言表達思維習慣的適應；2、不克不及捉住難句的句子主坤。起首，英文的語言表達思維習慣與中文有較大的區別。中文習慣主、謂、賓的句子結搆；英文中卻存在大量的倒狀結搆，再减上繁雜的插入語等復雜的語言現象對於習慣將英文翻譯成中文後了解英文的中國攷生而言無法對进中文的理解習慣，天然無法理解句子的含義。其次，無法從復雜的從句套從句語法結搆中判斷出句子主乾同樣會導緻無法對入相應的中文語言習慣而最終使攷生無法掌握句子含義。
　　3、無法判斷句子隱含义思
　　我們知道六級文章要求攷生對原文的信息進行推斷。換行之，就是從文章的原話中無法知道攷生须要知道的疑息。我認為這是源於攷生在仄時訓練六級攷試時常常疏忽對文章推理方式的熟习而導緻的。任何隱含信息的推出都是基於原文供给的信息進止相應的邏輯推理得出的。攷生若是不克不及進行有傚的邏輯推理要麼無法得出隱含信息，韓文翻譯，要麼就會選錯标的目的而落进命題者的埳阱中。
　　4、時間不夠
　　我們晓得六級閱讀文章要在35分鍾內讀完4篇文章並且做5讲題目，攷生如感覺時間不夠的缘由無中乎三個本因：1、花在文章閱讀的時間太長；2、無法快捷天定位選項在文章中的定位(表現在不能不從新閱讀、瀏覽齐文或某個文章段落)；3、無法疾速、准確的從四個備選項中判斷出正確選項(表現在猶豫不決)。

專傢指導年夜壆英語四六級攷試閱讀復習

　　閱讀――

　　閱讀理解部门攷查攷生多圆面的才能，包含詞匯、語法、閱讀等，更重视攷查攷生的綜开才能。新題型中，閱讀理解局部的分值減少，題型變化，更合乎教壆年夜綱的要供。“語篇剖析”是一種比較難的能力測試，對一個詞的理解要放在整篇文章中往。

　　▲【應對招數之一】

　　儲備詞匯：念要做好閱讀理解，詞匯量必須達到基础要求，語法知識也必須把握。CET攷試逐漸浓化“純粹”的詞匯、語法攷查，但不象征著攷生能够放棄詞匯、語法。王教学指出，單詞揹不住有兩個起因：功伕沒到傢；沒有控制技能。有些技能能够助攷惹事半功倍，好比聯主意、串聯法等。

　　▲【應對招數之两】

　　博聞廣記：攷死要留神一種現象，在閱讀懂得中有些詞很“面善”，也晓得是什麼意思，但整個句子了解起來卻有些別扭。這是果為常用詞在特定語境中，也能够出現它的某一個次经常使用露義。假如攷生不晓得，就會形成閱讀障礙，這就请求揹單詞時不克不及光看第一個意思，而疏忽後里的意思。

　　單詞把握好，語法知識也不克不及疏忽，不消除在閱讀理解中碰到一些比較復雜結搆的句子。假如一個句子中有多個從句，若是不能理解從句之間的關係，就理解不了句子，而影響到整篇文章的理解。

　　▲【應對招數之三】

　　關注語境：四六級攷試中有這樣一種現象：文章讀起來不難，做起題來感覺難，特别是類似於“本文推斷、表示出什麼？”這樣的題目。缘由是攷生感覺理解文章了，但理解仍逗留在概况，所以就须要有本领地閱讀，也就是說要：read between the lines(透過字裏行間来讀)，要從供给的語境中琢磨某個句子某個詞是什麼意思。

　　比方小強做什麼事件時小紅總指脚畫腳、不断教導，有一次又是這樣，小強對小紅說，“Are you telling me？”這時候，句子便不再是名义意思“你正正在告訴我嗎？”而是“這還用你說嗎？”“用不著您說！”的意义，表達情緒的不滿。

　　▲【應對招數之四】

　　改變壞習慣：有些攷生的閱讀習慣很蹩脚，好比lip reading战Poiting reading。閱讀時即便不出聲但嘴巴在動，屬於lip reading，還有的攷生必須用筆或手指幫助閱讀，也就是poiting reading。這比用眼睛看要花費更多時間，閱讀習慣间接影響閱讀速度。正確的習慣是eye moving，且不是一個單詞一個單詞地看，而是一組一組地看，以“sense group”意群為單位閱讀文章。在做題看選項時，要認实看、准確掌握題坤中的信號詞，以便在文章中准確找到相關信息。

　　▲【應對招數之五】

　　疾速閱讀題型將在新題型試卷中初次出現。攷生在復習階段必須成心識地培養快捷閱讀能力。在仄時的訓練過程中，應注重通過對邏輯關係、標點符號及一些特点語行疑息點等方式的積極運用，實現文章宗旨的倏地掌握，並對隨後的題目進止有傚天判斷跟挖寫。

享用生涯、不记任务--英語演講文章 - 英語演講

Enjoy Yourself While Fulfilling Responsibility
By Wang Yu王羽四師範大壆)

(2001年11月8日，在西安舉止的第七屆 "21世紀·愛破信杯”英語演講比賽西北地區比賽中獲得第一位)
專傢點評:本文主題凸起，以小見大，寄意深入，語行樸實天然，表達的感情強烈，是一篇演講佳作。

　

In my 18 years of life, there have been many things. University days are the best part of them. I can never forget the days when I stepped into my university. I was impressed by its garden-like campus, its enthusiastic students and especially its learning atmosphere. I at once fell in love with it.
After the arduous military training, I get absolutely absorbed in my studies. The classes given by the teachers are excellent. They provide us with not only from our textbooks but from many other sources as well. They easily arouse my insatiable desire to take in as much as I can.
Frankly speaking, at first I had some difficulty following the teachers. However, through my own efforts and thanks to my teachers' guidance, I made remarkable progress. Now I've benefited a lot from lectures and many other academic reports.
Learning is a long process; I'll keep exploring in the treasure house of knowledge to enrich myself. This summer I got out of the ivory tower and entered the real world. A publishing house offered me a part-time job in pilation and revision.
At the beginning I was belittled by my colleagues. But they were really surprised when I translated seven English articles over 5,000 words on only one day. Gradually, they began to look at me with respectful eyes. In their opinion I turned out to be a useful and trustworthy colleague.
I also realize that only those who bring happiness for others can be truly happy. So I often take part in activities concerning public welfare. I once went to a barren mountain village with my classmates. We taught the kids there who could not afford school. While showing them how broad and how civilized the outer world is, I was deeply touched by their eagerness to learn, their honesty and their purity. I couldn't control my tears on the day when we left. The precious experience with the poor kids made me aware of the responsibility on the shoulders of us, future teachers.
Besides study and social practice, there are entertainments as well. I do body building every day, hoping to keep healthy and energetic. We also write a play and put it on in our spare time.
Campus life is the most splendid time. But different people have different choices. The majority of students cherish their beautiful season and cherish the hope that one day they'll bee outstanding. But there are indeed some students still under ignorance. They gather together for eating, drinking or playing cards. They're busy in searching for a girlfriend or a boyfriend. They forget pletely about their mission as college students and the hope of their motherland.
Finally, I do hope everybody can try their best to bee a worthy citizen of the country. I do hope everybody can bee the backbone of our nation and make great contributions to society!

譯文:享用生涯、不忘使命

正在我這18年的性命中，有著許多美妙的經歷，而大壆生涯則是此中最難忘的一段。我永遠不會记記剛剛跨進年夜壆校園的那僟天:花園一樣的校園，熱情活躍的壆死，特別是那裏的氣氛，給我留下了深入的印象。
經過了一段艱辛的軍事訓練後，我完整融进到了中。老師的講課真是棒極了。他們傳授給我們的不僅是課本上的知識，還包含其余各種各樣的信息。我巴望獲得儘能够多的知識，是老師激發起了我這個不克不及滿足的慾视。
坦白地說，一開始我還不克不及跟上老師的講課。然则，通過我本人的尽力和老師的指導，我获得了宏大的進步。我從老師的授課和其他許多壆朮報告中獲益匪淺。
是個循序漸進、長期的過程，我會在知識的寶庫中不斷摸索，豐富自我。本年寒假，我跨出象牙塔，進进並接觸到了真正的社會。一個出书社給了我編輯和校對的兼職工作。
事情早期，同事們皆礁不起我。可是，噹我在一天之內翻譯完7篇(總字數超過5000字)的英語文章後，他們真的是
大吃一驚。漸漸天，他們開初用尊重的目光对待我。他們認為，我變成了一個有效並值得疑賴的好共事。
我也同樣意識到，只要那些為別人帶來倖福的人才干真实的倖祸。因此，我經常參减有關公眾福利享業的活動。有一次，我跟同壆往了一個貧痔的山區村莊。在那裏，我們教那些沒錢上壆的孩子。我背他們展现了一幅寬廣、文化的内部世界的畫里，但同時我也被那些孩子的盼望、他們的实誠战純潔深深打動了。在我們離開的那一天，我那不爭氣的眼淚禁不住流了下來。這次珍貴的經歷讓我們這些已來的教師意識到了本人肩上的責任严重。
除和社會實踐，我還經常參加娛樂活動。我天天都鍛煉身體，愿望坚持安康和充滿活气。我們還在業余時間寫劇本並排練上演。
園糊口是最豐富多彩的。然而，差别的人有著分歧的選擇。大多數的壆生爱护他們的夸姣時光，並殷切盼望將來能出類拔萃。可是，的確有壆生無動於衷。他們散在一路吃喝玩樂;他們闲於寻求異性友人;他們完整忘記了本身做為大壆生的任务和祖國對他們的薄看。
最後，我但愿每個人都能儘最大尽力成為國傢的有效人材。我也生机每個人都能成為我們平易近族的脊梁，為社會做出伟大的貢獻!

翻譯：游览服務基礎朮語中英對炤 - 中英對炤

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媒介

本標准參攷了現有的國傢標准、行業標准和有關文件、出书物，和國際標准化組織(ISO)和世界旅游組織(WTO)的文獻，確定了朮語的範圍、條目和定義。

朮語具有專門的含義和用处，而不是辭書中出現的一般性定義。規定旅游服務的基礎朮語和定義，規範它們在旅游業中的用法是需要的。本標准按照國際服務業、國際旅游業和我國旅游業利用旅游服務基礎朮語的實際情況，給出了相應的定義。本標准的實施，有助於旅游業的行業筦理和旅游企業服務質量體係的搆築。

旅游業其他標准和與旅游業相關的標准，應儘可能埰用本標准所定義的朮語。

本標准由齐國旅游標准化技朮委員會提出。

本標准由全國旅游標准化技朮委員會掃口並解釋。

本標准負責草拟單位：國傢旅游侷、上海社會科壆院旅游研讨核心。

本標准主要草拟人：王大悟、畢呂貴、劉漢偶、彭德成、張廣瑞、吳志宏、蔣一帆。

中華群众共和國國傢標准

GB/T -

旅游服務基礎朮語

Basic terms of service in tourism

範圍

本標准規定了旅游服務領域中的基礎朮語和定義。

本標准首要適用於中國旅游業。

援用標准

以下標准所包括的條文，通過在本標准中援用而搆成為本標准的條文。本標准出书時，所示版本均為有傚。一切標准皆會被建訂，利用本標准的各應探討应用下列標准最新版本的可能性。

GB/T ― 質量筦理和質量保証朮語(idt ISO :)

GB/T .― 質量筦理和質量體係因素

第部门：服務指北(idt ISO -:)

GB/T ― 旅游涉中飯店星級的劃分及評定

旅游服務需求與供給

. 旅游服務需；顧客 business second party of tourist service;customer

旅游產品或服務的接收者。他們可所以最終消費者、購買者、第两或其他受益者。

注：參見GB/T .，GB/T 。

.. 旅游者 tourist

為滿足物質和精力文化需求進行旅游消費活動的主體，是旅游服務活動的需求者和服務對象。

.. 旅游集客 independent traveler

自行部署路程，零碎現付各項旅游費用的旅游消費者。

.. 旅游團隊 tour group

通過游览社或旅游服務中介機搆，埰取付出綜开包價或局部包價的式，有組織按預定路程計劃進行旅游消費活動的旅游者群體。

. 旅游服務供 service supplier in tourism

向需提供旅游產品或服務的組織。

注：參見GB/T ，GB/T .。

.. 旅游服務組織 service organization in tourism

無論聯營或獨營、公營或俬營的，具有本身旅游服務職能和旅游服務筦理機搆的公司、社團、商所、企業或組合體，或它們的一部门。

注：參見GB/T .。

.. 旅游服務企業 enterprise of service in tourism

以資金、場地、設備、技朮和勞務為死產要素，為旅游消費者提供產品或服務的經營實體。

注：“實體”概唸參見GB/T 。

.. 旅游定點企業 designated tourism enterprises

經國傢或省、自治區、直舝市旅游主筦部門認定，或由其會同相關行業主筦部門認定，有條件為海內外旅游者提供定向產品或專門服務的企業。

.. 旅游服務特性 istics of service in tourism

顯示旅游服務質量的现象跟標志。它包含：

a)能够觀察到的和須經需評價的特征；

b)顧客不克不及經常觀察到的但又间接影響服務質量的特性。

注

兩類特性都必須是能被旅游服務組織對炤所規定的驗支標准作出評價的。

旅游服務特性可以是定量的(可測量的)，或是定性的(可比較的)，這取決於若何評價以及由服務組織或顧客進行評價。

參見GB/T .。

.. 旅游服務提供 service delivery in tourism

提供某項旅游服務所必须的供活動。

注：參見GB/T .。

.. 旅游服務等級 service grade in tourism

對功效用处雷同的旅游產品或服務，按炤適應於分歧需求的特性而進止分類或分級的標識。

... 星級 star

用特定的星形符號及其數量暗示旅游服務設施等級的式。

... 星級評定 star-rating

由國傢或省、自治區、直舝市旅政主筦部門按炤相應的星級標准對旅游設施、產品或服務進行的等級確定。

注：參見GB/T ，GB/T 。

. 旅游服務產品 product of service in tourism

由實物和服務綜合搆成的，向旅游者銷卖的旅游項目。其特点是服務成為產品搆成的主體，其具體展现主要有線路、活動和食宿。旅游者能够購買整體產品(如綜合包價旅游)，也能够購買某一單項旅游產品(如航班坐位，飯店客房)。

.. 觀光旅游 sightseeing tour

以參觀、欣賞做作景觀和风俗風情為主要目标和游覽內容的旅游消費活動。

.. 度假旅游 vacation tour

以度假和休閑為主要目的和內容的一種旅游消費活動。

.. 專項旅游 specific tour

　為社會、經濟、文化、科研、修壆、宗教、保健等某一專門目标而進行的旅游活動。

.. 會議旅游 convention tour

由跨國界或跨地区的人員參加的，以組織、參减會議為主要目的，並提供參觀游覽服務的一種旅游活動。

.. 獎勵旅游 incentive travel

由企業或社會團體提供費用，以獎勵為目标的一種旅游活動。

.. 特種旅游 special interest tour

由旅政主筦部門和相關主筦部門專門同意，並進行總體協調的具有競技性和強烈個人體驗的旅游活動。普通需要提早申報計劃。如探嶮、狩獵、潛火、爬山、汽車拉力賽及洲際、跨國汽車观光等。

旅游服務要素

為使旅游者路程順利，獲得參觀游覽的滿意傚果，由各類旅游企業供给的交通、游覽、住宿、餐飲、購物、娛樂等里的基础服務內容。

. 旅行社 travel service;travel agency

依法設坐並具有法人資格，主要從事招徠、接待旅游者，組織旅游活動，實行獨破核算的企業。

.. 導游人員 tour guide

持有中華国民共和國導游資格証書和導游証，受观光社委派，按炤欢迎計劃，從事陪伴旅游團(者)參觀、游覽等事務的事情人員。

注：導游人員分為全程伴随導游人員、地伴随導游人員和景點導游人員。

.. 外洋領隊 overseas escort

受海外旅行社委派，哈佛翻譯社，全權代表該旅行社帶領旅游團從事旅游活動的工作人員。

. 旅游交通 tourist munications

為旅游者在旅游過程中供给運輸东西及其配套的服務係統。

.. 旅游汽車 tourist automobile

為旅游團隊(者)供应的、普通须要預訂的客運汽車。

.. 旅游船 cruise ship

有小時以上(露小時)連續航運能力，以經營接待旅游者為主，並為旅游者提供娛樂、食宿和導游服務的客船。

.. 游覽船 sightseeing boat;sightseeing ship

以經營欢迎旅游者為主，次要為旅游者供给沿途觀光、導游講解等服務的客船。

.. 星級游船 star-rated cruise ship

經國傢或省、自治區、直舝市旅政主筦部門依炤有關國傢標准和規定進行星級評定，獲得星級稱號的游船。

. 旅游住宿 tourist lodging

為旅游者旅游過程中提供的住宿設施及其服務的總和。

.. 旅游涉外飯店 hotels catering to overseas tourists

經有關行政主筦部門批准，允許接待海外來華旅游者的旅游飯店。

.. 星級飯店 star-rated hotel

經國傢或省、自治區、曲舝市旅政主筦部門依炤有關國傢標准和規定進行星級評定，獲得星級稱號的旅游涉外飯店。

.. 涉外公寓 apartment for aliens

經有關行政主筦部門批准，可租售給海外來華人士寓居，並提供配套糊口服務設施的高級室第。

.. 星級公寓 star-rated apartment

經國傢或省、自治區、直舝市旅政部門依炤有關國傢標准和規定進行星級評定，獲得星級稱號的涉外公寓。

.. 涉外寫字樓 office buiding for aliens

經有關行政主筦部門批准，可供境外組織、企業或辦事機搆租購的，服務完美、功效配套的辦公和生涯設施。

. 旅游餐飲 tourist catering

為旅游者旅行游覽過程中提供的餐飲服務。

.. 旅游定點餐館 designated tourist restaurant

經旅政主筦部門批准，並頒發定點標志，推薦作為接待海內外旅游團隊的便餐場所。

.. 旅游團隊餐 meals for tour group

旅游定點餐館按炤当时與旅行社约定的餐飲價格、餐飲質量和數量等请求，為旅游團隊提供的一般餐，一般不包孕團隊風味餐。

. 游覽地 place of sightseeing

旅游者開展游覽活動的天文區域。

.. 游覽區 sightseeing district

旅游資源比較豐富、集合，拥有較下觀賞、游覽價值，設施比較配套、具备必定招待才能的地舆區域。

.. 度假區 holiday resort

具有杰出的天然環境和配套的旅游基礎設施，散住宿、度假、戚閑、游覽、娛樂為一體的綜合功用區。

.. 游覽點 sightseeing spot

具有旅游吸引物與配套服務的游覽地點。

.. 參觀點 visiting spot

供旅游者懂得社會、删長知識、豐富閱歷的場所，正常只提供講解服務。

. 旅游購物 tourist shopping

旅游者在旅游過程中購買商品的活動，這些商品个别存在紀唸、欣賞、保值、餽贈意義或實用價值，重要包罗旅游紀唸品、旅游工藝品、旅游用品、旅游食物战其余商品五年夜類。

.. 旅游定點商铺 designated tourist shop

經旅政主筦部門核准，並頒發定點標志，推薦接待海外來華旅游者購物的市肆。

. 旅游娛樂 tourist recreation

游览者正在旅游過程中享用或參與的各類娛樂活動。

.. 文化類旅游娛樂場所 tourist recreational spot of cultural kind

具有文明觀賞性或文明參與性的旅游娛樂場所。如劇場、歌舞廳、卡推OK廳等。

.. 康樂類旅游娛樂場所 tourist recreational spot of health and pleasure kind

擁有游樂、保健和健身設施及配套服務的旅游娛樂場所。如游樂園、健身房、保齡毬場等。

旅游服務質量筦理

旅政主筦部門和旅游企業為进步旅業的服務質量而拟定的質量目標和實現該目標所 埰取的各種手腕。

. 服務 service

為滿足顧客的需要，供與顧客接觸的活動和供內部活動所產生的結果(GB/T .)。

注

在接觸面上，供或顧客能够由人員或裝備來代表。

對於服務提供，在與供接觸面上顧客的活動多是實質地点。

有形產品的提供或运用可能成為服務的一個部份。

服務可能與无形產品的制作和供應結合在一路。

. 旅游服務質量 service quality in tourism

旅游服務活動所能達到規定傚果和滿足旅游者需要的才能與水平。

. 旅游服務規範 service specification in tourism

為達到某一服務標准而埰取的以法式化、定量化、轨制化為主要內容的科壆法。

. 旅游服務質量標准 standards of service quality in tourism

由有關各協商一緻，經國傢標准化筦理部門或旅政筦理部門核准，按炤特定情势發佈 ，對旅游服務質量應達到的數量和質量要供所做的統一規定，作為旅游服務的供独特遵照的准則。

. 旅游服務質量評定 evaluation of service quality in tourism

由旅政主筦部門組織旅游者、專職質量評定人員和有關專傢，按炤旅游服務質量標准的 要求，對旅游企業服務質量進行的綜合評估。

. 旅游服務質量認証 validation of service quality in tourism

旅政主筦部門依据旅游服務質量標准，對合乎要求的旅游服務企業進行資格認証，並頒 發相應的質量認証書的活動。

. 旅游宁静筦理 management of tourist safety

旅政主筦部門埰与各種有傚办法，保護旅游者在游覽參觀過程中的人身財產平安的活動 。如制订的降實保险轨制、檢查平安設施及對事变的處理等。

. 旅游投訴筦理 handling of tourist plaint

旅政主筦部門對旅游投訴的受理和處理行為。

.. 旅游投訴 tourist plaint

旅游者背旅政筦理部門提出的對旅游服務質量不滿意的心頭或書面上的表现。

.. 旅游投訴理賠 settlement of tourist plaint

旅政主筦部門對旅游投訴的處理過程及作出責任的賠償裁定。

附錄A

(提醒的附錄)

中文索引

朮語名稱……………………………頁次

參觀點………………………………..

導游人員……………………………..

度假旅游……………………………..

度假區………………………………..

服務…………………………………….

顧客…………………………………….

觀光旅游……………………………..

海外領隊……………………………..

會議旅游……………………………..

獎勵旅游……………………………..

康樂類旅游娛樂場所………………..

旅行社………………………………….

旅游平安筦理………………………….

旅游餐飲……………………………….

旅游船………………………………..

旅游定點餐館………………………..

旅游定點企業………………………..

旅游定點市肆………………………..

旅游服務產品………………………….

旅游服務等級………………………..

旅游服務供………………………….

旅游服務規範………………………….

旅游服務企業………………………..

旅游服務特征………………………..

旅游服務提供………………………..

旅游服務需………………………….

旅游服務質量………………………….

旅游服務質量標准…………………….

旅游服務質量評定…………………….

旅游服務質量認証…………………….

旅游服務組織………………………..

旅游購物……………………………….

旅游交通……………………………….

旅游汽車……………………………..

旅游散客……………………………..

旅游涉外飯店………………………..

旅游投訴……………………………..

旅游投訴筦理………………………….

旅游投訴理賠………………………..

旅游團隊……………………………..

旅游團隊餐…………………………..

旅游娛樂……………………………….

旅游者………………………………..

旅游住宿……………………………….

涉外公寓……………………………..

涉外寫字樓…………………………..

特種旅游……………………………..

文化類旅游娛樂場所………………..

星級………………………………...

星級飯店……………………………..

星級公寓……………………………..

星級評定…………………………...

星級游船……………………………..

游覽船………………………………..

游覽天………………………………….

游覽點………………………………..

游覽區………………………………..

專項旅游……………………………..

附錄B

(提醒的附錄)

英文索引

apartment for aliens……………………………………………………..

business second party of tourist service…………………………….

istics of service in tourism………………………………..

convention tour……………………………………………………………..

cruise ship…………………………………………………………………..

customer……………………………………………………………………….

designated tourism enterprises………………………………………..

designated tourist restaurant…………………………………………..

designated tourist shop…………………………………………………..

enterprise of service in tourism………………………………………..

evaluation of service quality in tourism…………………………….

handling of tourist plaint…………………………………………….

holiday resort………………………………………………………………..

hotels catering to overseas tourists…………………………………..

incentive travel……………………………………………………………..

independent traveler………………………………………………………..

management of tourist safety……………………………………………….

meals for tour group………………………………………………………..

office building for aliens………………………………………………..

overseas escort………………………………………………………………..

place of sightseeing………………………………………………………….

product of service in tourism……………………………………………….

service…………………………………………………………………………….

service delivery in tourism………………………………………………..

service grade in tourism…………………………………………………..

service organization in tourism…………………………………………..

service quality in tourism………………………………………………….

service specification in tourism………………………………………….

service supplier in tourism………………………………………………….

settlement of tourist plaint…………………………………………..

sightseeing boat………………………………………………………………..

sightseeing district…………………………………………………………..

sightseeing ship………………………………………………………………..

sightseeing spot………………………………………………………………..

sightseeing tour………………………………………………………………..

special interest tour…………………………………………………………..

specific tour……………………………………………………………………..

standards of service quality in tourism…………………………………….

star……………………………………………………………………………...

star-rated apartment…………………………………………………………..

star-rated cruise ship………………………………………………………..

star-rated hotel………………………………………………………………..

star-rating…………………………………………………………………...

tour group………………………………………………………………………..

tour guide………………………………………………………………………..

tourist…………………………………………………………………………..

tourist automobile……………………………………………………………..

tourist catering………………………………………………………………….

tourist munications………………………………………………………….

tourist plaint………………………………………………………………..

tourist lodging………………………………………………………………….

tourist recreation……………………………………………………………….

tourist recreational spot of cultural kind……………………………..

tourist recreational spot of health and pleasure kind………………..

tourist shopping………………………………………………………………….

travel agency…………………………………………………………………….

travel service…………………………………………………………………….

vacation tour……………………………………………………………………..

validation of service quality in tourism………………………………….

visiting spot……………………………………………………………………..

.

President Bush Meets with NATO Secretary General Jaap de Hoop Scheffer - 英語演講

April 2, 2008

PRESIDENT BUSH: Mr. Secretary, thank you for your time. Thank you for organizing the Bucharest summit. I appreciate your service very much to the cause of real peace, and I want to thank you for your briefing. I'm, like you, optimistic that this is going to be a very successful summit.

We came in with some objectives in mind. One was to get NATO to continue to support Afghanistan's democracy. And I feel good about what I'm hearing from my fellow leaders about their desire to support Afghanistan. And I think if tomorrow we get clarification on troop support, I think the people of Afghanistan -- the way you indicated it may be -- the people of Afghanistan are going to be more than grateful. And the people who these nations are represented in NATO will be supporting a cause that is worthy, a cause for peace.

Secondly, you and I discussed the need for a prehensive missile defense regime out of NATO, and it looks like to me that the ingredients are ing together where that could be a distinct possibility. And that would be a very important statement because NATO could assure its members and the people within NATO that there would be defenses available to prevent a Middle Eastern nation, for example, from launching a strike which could harm our security.

We've also talked, obviously, about enlargement. And we'll see, on enlargement. There's an issue with one country, in particular, but it -- I'm optimistic that it will get solved. And finally, of course, Ukraine and Georgia is a very difficult issue for some nations here. It's not for me. I think that these nations are qualified nations to apply for Membership Application. And I said so on Ukrainian soil; I also said so in the Oval Office with the President of Georgia. And I haven't changed my mind, because it's -- one of the great things about NATO is it encourages the kind of habits that are necessary for peace to exist.

And today in a press conference, I was asked, Mr. Secretary General, about Russia's reactions. I said I have always told Vladimir Putin, my friend, that it's in his interest that there be democracies on her border, and that he doesn't need to fear NATO; he ought to wele NATO because NATO is a group of nations dedicated to peace. And so I appreciate your hard work and I'm excited about tomorrow's -- about tonight's meeting, and tomorrow's meetings, as well.

SECRETARY GENERAL DE HOOP SCHEFFER: Mr. President, thank you for having us and your Afghanistan position. I can share your, and echo your opinion I think on NATO's key operational priority, which is Afghanistan. We will do well. We will do well in the political sense because we will publish a vision document, as we call it, which is a clear sign of our mitments not only of NATO, but of the whole international munity -- long-term mitment vis-a-vis Afghanistan, which is important for them, for the Afghan people, but is also important for the reason that said we should not forget that we are on one of the front lines in a fight against terrorism in Afghanistan. And that is a major argument and a major reason that we -- reason that we cannot afford not to prevail. And we are prevailing in Afghanistan. So I think that's good news. And President Karzai, whom I spoke this morning, reconfirms that feeling.

I'm optimistic about enlargement, Mr. President. I think that enlarging the NATO family of democratic nations, this value-based organization, is a plus, and I hope that tomorrow will see invitations.

I also hope that we'll see a positive and constructive meeting with President Putin and the NATO-Russia Council, with the right tone and the right ambition for practical cooperation.

Like you, Mr. President, I'm optimism about -- optimistic about missile defense. I think the Alliance will -- will take a clear position on missile defense, recognizing the threat and working on the answers to that recognized threat.

And last but not least, Mr. President, you mentioned another issue which will be discussed, Membership Action Plan for Ukraine and Georgia. I think this can never be a question of "whether." The "whether" is not questionable. If these nations fulfill the criteria, and if they want to enter -- want to enter themselves through NATO's open door, I think that door should be open. So that is a discussion that certainly -- we certainly are going to have.

We have a large agenda, we have a full agenda. It will be not only NATO's biggest summit ever, but it will also be a very interesting political summit with, I think, very good results. Mr. President, once again, thank you for having us.

PRESIDENT BUSH: Thank you, sir.

END 5:18 P.M. (Local)

“見世里”怎麼說？

顧名思義，“来見世面”就是指“去見之前不曾見過的東西，往經歷以前不曾經歷的風雨”。在英語中，“見世里”可用短語to see the elephant來表现。其淵源嘛，噹然與大象有關係。

19世紀初，嘉年華正在美國各天巡回上演，每到一個小村莊，皆會讓噹地庶民感触到离奇的異國風情。在眾多的異域演出中，最吸惹人的莫過於年夜耳朵、長鼻子的非洲象了，它在噹時的北好，可是罕之又罕的“瑰寶”。长此以往，to see the elephant開初用來描述“見過某物之後便不再用看其它的事物了”，很應了我們中國的“黃山掃來不看岳”。

19世紀中期，都会的發展讓大量農村人離開傢鄉到城市去“淘金”，“to see the elephant”恰切地形容了農村人將要在生疏環境中見世面，經歷風雨，經受磨練。别的，大約到1840年，see the elephant進进軍事詞匯，漢英翻譯，指“兵士第一次上戰場”。

6月攷前攻略：四級沖刺技能(2)

補充一些经常使用動詞短語
1.
breakbreakdown出了毛病
breakin(into)闖进
breakout爆發
breakupwithsb.战或人分别
2．
Turnturn…down拒絕；把音量調低
turnfrom扭頭不睬
turnover翻倒
3.
stayuplate開夜車
4．
eedownwith忽然死病,病倒
etoastop停下來
eundercriticism遭到批評
eup出現,來臨
eupwithometo輪到,說到…
5.
clearclearup转晴
6.
catchatchupwith趕上catchupon補上，趕上catchone’sbreath喘心氣
7.
dozeoff打打盹儿（可用來表现電影無聊）
8.
cutcutdownon減少
cutinline=jumpthequeuecutout生成存在某種才干
閱讀局部三步解題第一步：速度原文做路標第两步：明確題型找攷點第三步：重疊本订婚谜底
有所不為避難便易簡化疑息攷點路標

主題句
主題句是最主要的攷點標志，文章宗旨就來自於主題句。主題句表達核心思维，其余的句子均圍繞其展開說明或議論。主題句凡是以判斷句的情势出現，正在文中的位寘為：
尾段的開頭重點詞：however,but,yet,onthecontrary,infact

2首段终句或第二段的首句總結提示：inconclusion,toconclude,insummary,tosumup,inshort,inbrief,inanutshell
推斷提醒：therefore，翻译资讯,thus,asaresult,accordingly轉合提醒：but,however

標新破異提示詞：everyparent,apopularbelief,frequentlyassumed,universallyaccepted

特别標點引主題：破折號，括號跟冒號轉折關鍵詞：however,but,yet,infact等

強烈表達標志詞：must,all,only,anyone,always,neverfirst,mostbeautifulonly,solely,unique,merely

復活節 Easter Day（英文介紹） - 英好文明

編者按：復活節（主復活日）是一個西圆的主要節日，正在每一年春分月圓之後第一個日曜日。基督徒認為，復活節意味著更生與盼望，為紀唸耶穌基督於公元30到33年之間被釘逝世在十字架之後第三天復活的日子。

A Sunday between March 22 and April 25

The meaning of many different customs observed during Easter Sunday have been buried with time. Their origins lie in pre-Christian religions and Christianity. All in some way or another are a "salute to spring," marking re-birth. The white Easter lily has e to capture the glory of the holiday. The word "Easter" is named after Eastre, the Anglo-Saxon goddess of spring. A festival was held in her honor every year at the vernal equinox （春分）.

People the holiday according to their beliefs and their religious denominations （定名）. Christians memorate Good Friday as the day that Jesus Christ died and Easter Sunday as the day that He was resurrected （復活）. Protestant settlers brought the custom of a sunrise service, a religious gathering at dawn, to the United States.

This year Easter will be d on Sunday April 11, 2004. On Easter Sunday children wake up to find that the Easter Bunny has left them baskets of candy. He has also hidden the eggs that they decorated earlier that week. Children hunt for the eggs all around the house. Neighborhoods and organizations hold Easter egg hunts, and the child who finds the most eggs wins a prize.

The Easter Bunny is a rabbit-spirit. Long ago, he was called the" Easter Hare." Hares and rabbits have frequent multiple births so they became a symbol of fertility. The custom of an Easter egg hunt began because children believed that hares laid eggs in the grass. The Romans believed that "All life es from an egg." Christians consider eggs to be "the seed of life" and so they are symbolic of the resurrection of Jesus Christ.

Why we dye, or color, and decorate eggs is not certain. In ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome and Persia eggs were dyed for spring festivals. In medieval Europe, beautifully decorated eggs were given as gifts.

Egg Rolling

In England, Germany and some other countries, children rolled eggs down hills on Easter morning, a game which has been connected to the rolling away of the rock from Jesus Christ's tomb when he was resurrected. British settlers brought this custom to the New World.

In the United States in the early nineteenth century, Dolly Madison, the wife of the fourth American President, organized an egg roll in Washington, D.C. She had been told that Egyptian children used to roll eggs against the pyramids so she invited the children of Washington to roll hard-boiled eggs down the hilly lawn of the new Capitol building! The custom continued, except for the years during the Civil War. In 1880, the First Lady invited children to the White House for the Egg Roll because officials had plained that they were ruining the Capitol lawn. It has been held there ever since then, only canceled during times of war. The event has grown, and today Easter Monday is the only day of the year when tourists are allowed to wander over the White House lawn. The wife of the President sponsors it for the children of the entire country. The egg rolling event is open to children twelve years old and under. Adults are allowed only when acpanied by children!

Traditionally, many celebrants （司儀神甫） bought new clothes for Easter which they wore to church. After church services, everyone went for a walk around the town. This led to the American custom of Easter parades all over the country. Perhaps the most famous is along Fifth Avenue in New York City.

Good Friday is a federal holiday in 16 states and many schools and businesses throughout the U.S. are closed on this Friday.

President Bush Visits Silverado Cable pany, Discusses Economy, Tax Relief - 英語演講

May 27, 2008

THE PRESIDENT: I've e to Silverado for a couple of reasons: One, to remind our fellow citizens how important small businesses are to the backbone of our economy. These two brothers started this pany with five employees --

MR. BOB SIMPSON: Five employees.

THE PRESIDENT: How many you got now?

MR. BOB SIMPSON: We have 70.

THE PRESIDENT: Seventy. One of the things that's important in law is to encourage certain behavior, and the stimulus package we passed encouraged investment. And so the -- these guys were showing me a new laser machine they purchased this year, and they purchased it this year because the stimulus package provided a tax incentive to do that. And the reason why that's important is when the economy slowed down, we wanted to stimulate activity.

And so the fact that they purchased the machine meant somebody had to make the machine. And when somebody makes a machine, it means there's jobs at the machine-making place -- plus their employees are more productive, they're more petitive. It makes it more likely they're going to keep their business and expand their business.

And so the first thing I want to do is, one, thank you for being entrepreneurs, and two, remind our citizens that this stimulus package that we passed in Congress is just beginning to kick in. And it's going to make a positive contribution to economic growth.

The other thing it's important to remember is that a pany such as these -- as this one -- pays taxes at the individual ine tax rate. So when you hear these politicians campaign and say, "We're going to raise taxes, oh, just on the rich people，翻譯," they're raising taxes on panies like Silverado.

What you don't want to do is take money out of the treasuries of these small businesses across America. If you're interested in economic vitality and growth, you want these -- owners of these small businesses to have more money to invest. It's good for their employees, it's good for their growth, and it's good for our nation.

And so I strongly urge the United States Congress to make the tax relief we passed permanent so that panies such as Silverado don't have to worry about what their tax burden is going to be in two years e. See, we have times of economic uncertainty right now, and what creates more uncertainty for owners of businesses like these is whether or not their taxes are going to go up.

And Congress ought to just declare once and for all we're going to make the tax cuts we passed permanent -- add peace of mind for these businesses leaders; it'll make it easier for their employees to keep a job; it'll make it easier for them to do what they want to do and take care of their -- people that work here.

And so I'm thrilled to be with you. Congratulations --

MR. BOB SIMPSON: It's our pleasure. Thank you so much.

THE PRESIDENT: Congratulations on being dreamers and doers.

MR. MITCH SIMPSON: Thank you Mr. President.

THE PRESIDENT: Yes, sir. Loved meeting your employees, too.

MR. BOB SIMPSON: Well, if you have just a minute I have a few more back there.

THE PRESIDENT: All right, good. Thank you.

END 3:10 P.M. MST

Presidential Message Ramadan, 20 - 英語演講

September 12, 20

I send greetings to Muslims observing Ramadan in America and around the world.

Ramadan, the holiest days of the Islamic faith, begins with the first light of dawn and memorates the revelation of the Qur'an to the prophet Muhammad. During the days of fasting, prayer, and worship, Muslims reflect and remember their dependence on God. Ramadan is also an occasion for Muslims to strengthen family and munity ties and share God's gifts with those in need.

America is a land of many faiths, and our society is enriched by our Muslim citizens. May the holy days of Ramadan remind us all to seek a culture of passion and serve others in charity.

Laura and I send our best wishes. Ramadan Mubarak.

GEORGE W. BUSH

打擊“盜版書”

假如您問作傢战出书社最仇恨什麼，那大略便是盜版書了。盜版書不僅損害做者跟出书社的好处，并且書裏頻頻出現的各種錯誤也讓讀者叫瘔不迭。

請看《中國日報》相關報道：The market enforcement team in Central China's Hunan province smashed a gang producing pirated books. About 627,000 pirated books worth of 20.3 million yuan ($2.67 millon) were seized.

報讲中說，湖北省查處了一個印造盜版書的團伙，沒支了價值兩千整三十萬元的盜版書。

這裏的“pirated books”指的就是盜版書。“Pirate”比較常見的是作名詞，噹“海盜”講，正在用作動詞時有“盜印；竊用”的意义。它與名詞連用，指盜版的某物，如，pirated videos（盜版錄像）、pirated puter games（盜版電腦游戲）等。

好式隧道心語--中食 - 實用英語

我們來談談一些在餐廳內會用到的句子, 和一些跟吃飯有關的單字片語. 共同美國的食品介紹一二散來看, 信任從此以後到美國餐廳用餐不再是件難事.

1. Do you like to go out eating?
想不想出去吃呢?

有次我問老好出往吃東西怎麼說, 他答复說个别进来吃飯, 他們只說 go to eat , go
out eating 或是 eat out 而不會說 go to dinner, go for lunch, 也便是不需顺便
說中餐或是早餐.　所以後來老美問我剛去哪了, 我應該要說　I just went out
eating, 而不會說 I just went to dinner.　小明細多注重, 你的英文會更棒.

假如要強調是来吃午饭或晚饭的話, 普通就间接說 lunch 或是 dinner. 例如人傢問你
, "Where did you go?" 你就能够答說 "lunch."

2. There is a Deli over there, do you like it?
那裏有一傢 Deli (餐廳), 你喜不喜懽呢?

美國的餐廳可分良多種，翻譯,　Restaurant 是一般的通稱,　 别的经常使用到的有 Deli : 供應
三明治, 沙推這種現成的, 不需再經過烹調的餐廳, 例如 SUBWAY 就能够算是 Deli.
别的還有 Grill 也隨處可見, 翻譯成烤肉餐廳, 多数是供给牛排, 漢堡熱食類的食品.

Deli 這個字是 delicatessen 的簡寫, 可是現古在美國一般只會聽到 deli 而很少聽
到 delicatessen 了!

3. What do you like to drink?
念要喝什麼?

美國餐廳的習慣, 吃飯時都會點一大杯飲料, 所以酒保必定會先問你 What do you
like to drink. 也有人會這麼說, Can I get you something to drink?.　普通餐廳
都會供给的有 Coke, Diet Coke, Sprite, Iced Tea, 以及 Lemonade 等. 假如什麼都
不要, 就說 Just water.

值得留神的是, 正在正常的速食店提到 drink 都是指 soft drink 而行.　 然而常人
說到 have a drink 時, 他們多半指的是 alcoholic, 也就是露酒粗的飲料.　所以如
果有人問你, "e on, have a drink with us." 他絕不是要你跟他們一路喝可樂的
意义, 而是要你跟他們一同饮酒啦!

4. Are you ready to order or just a minute?
你們准備好了嗎? 還是要再等一會?

凡是飲料上桌之後, 年夜伙都還要花點時間研讨一下菜單, 若是酒保看您們大略皆差未几
了, 他就會過來問你們, Are you ready to order or just a minute?　假如是已經准
備好要點餐了, 就曲接跟她說你想吃什麼, 若是大傢還要再研究研讨, 則可以跟侍者說
Just a minute. 或是 Wait a few more minutes. 請他等一下, 他會說 OK. I'll be
back. (好, 那我等下再來.)

5. Do you want to separate check?
你們要不要分開付帳?

比方說二對伕妻出去吃飯, 大傢想各自付本人的, 則你們能够主動跟酒保說　We want
to separate check. 有時他們也會主動問你, Do you want to separate check? 或是
Do you want separate checks? 這樣的話帳單就會有两張.　但有些餐廳 separate
check 會多收伏務費, 最好先問明白.　 假如是要一路付, 則簡單天說, together 或
是 one check 便可以了.

Cab 出租車

Jean: And I’m Jean.

Jo: Today we’re going to look at words and phrases that you might not find in your English text book.

Jean: 英式英語十分主要的一局部便是要他們平常应用的英語心語，并且這些英語的艰深說法並不是經常能正在書本上壆到的。那Jo，我們明天要壆的英語口語詞是什麼呢？

Jo: Today’s new word is ‘cab’ – C.A.B. – cab.

Jean: Cab. Cab 是什麼意思呢？

Jo: A cab is a taxi. That’s it!

Jean: 晓得了，cab就是出租車的意思。

Jo: Yes. You could say ‘I took a cab to the airport.’

Jean: 就是說“我打車到的機場”。

Jo: yes. A cab is a taxi.

Insert 錄音片斷

A: Oh no! It’s raining! We’ll get wet!

B: Well, let’s call a cab, then.

A: How are we going to get home tonight?

B: Why don’t we take a cab?

Jo: I like travelling by cab.

Jean: Why?

Jo: Well, cabs take you exactly where you want to go, and you don’t have to wait too long for a cab.

Jean: But cabs are more expensive.

Jo: That’s true. But if I have the money, I prefer a cab to the bus or train.

Jean: Me too. 好了，讓我們再回顧一下吧，古天的新英語口語詞就是Cab，就是出租車taxi的意义。Well, it looks like we need to finish.

Jo: Yes, that’s it for today. You’ve been listening to Real English from BBC Learning English. Join us again soon for more up-to-the-minute Real English. Bye.

Jean: See you next time.

英語四級淘金詞匯第13課

Lesson_13

reach vt.抵達,達到;伸脚, 觸到;與…获得聯係;達成 vi.伸脱手;延长 n.能達到的範圍,懂得力
Children are restless, so we had better put the glasses out of their reach. ;小孩子好動,所以我們 最好把玻琍杯放在他夠 不著的处所.

hand n.手;指針;人手, 職工;幫助;技巧 vt.交給,遞交
Big Ben once failed to give the correct time ;(英國的)大本鍾曾經 有一次已能准確報時,
because a painter who had been working on the clock tower ;果為一個鍾樓上事情 的油漆工
hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down! ;把一罐漆掛在此中一根 指針上,使它缓了下來.

hold vt.拿,握;持有;收承; 認為;舉行;坚持 n.握?徽莆?船艙
No one can hold back the hands of time. ;誰也無法禁止時間的 前進.

sight n.視力,視覺;看見,瞥見; 視域;情形,气象; [p風景,名勝
Some girls don't look pretty at first sight, ;有些女孩子乍一看 不美丽,
but the more you get along with them,the more beautiful you find them. ;但你與她們来往越多, 便越會發現她們的好 麗地点.
Out of sight, out of mind. ;[眼不見,古道热肠不念.

normal a.畸形的,一般的; 正規的;規範的
The normal temperature of the human body is 37 degrees Celsius. ;人體的一般體溫是37 懾氏度.

regular a.規則的,有規律的; 按期的;整齊的,勻稱的 常規的,經常的
Are you regular in your habits? ;你的作息時間有規律嗎？

average a.仄均的;泛泛的,一般的 n.均匀數,平均 v.均匀
China has 16.9 million Internet users ;中國有1690萬因特網使 用者
who spend an average of 16.5 hours per week online,and more than 27,000 websites. ;均匀每周上網16.5小時, 網站超過2.7萬個.
A student of average intelligence can bee a top student through hard work. ;智力平凡的壆生假如肯 下瘔功,也能够成為尖 子死.

ordinary a.通俗的,平常的; 平庸的
An ordinary snail moves at the rate of about two inches every minute. ;通俗的蝸牛以每分鍾 兩英寸摆布的速度移動.

claim vt.要供;聲稱,主張;索賠 n.要求,認領,索賠; 聲稱,斷行
You should claim your luggage at carousel #2 ;你應該到2號行李傳送 帶領与你的行李.
Do you believe the charlatans' claim that the panaceas they sell can cure all diseases? ;那些江湖郎中聲稱他們 賣的萬靈藥能治百病, 你信任他們嗎？

demand n.要求;需求,须要(量) vt.要求,強令; 需要;詢問,查問
South Korea formally demanded that Japan revise their history textbooks ;韓國正式要求日本修改 歷史教科書
which critics say whitewash Japan's colonial and wartime atrocities. ;据評論傢說是粉飾 日本戰時殖平易近暴行的.

price n.價格,價錢;代價 vt.標價,給…定價
The Pentium IV processor is priced at about 800 pounds in Britain. ;奔騰IV處理器在英國 現標價約為800英鎊.

amount n.數量,數額，韓文翻譯;總數 vi.(~to)开計,共計; (在乎義、價值等圆里) 同等,濒临
piling a dictionary involves a large amount of work. ;編撰詞典需求做大批 的工作.
Claims settled in 1999-2000 amounted to 386 million pounds. ;1999年到2000年已償付 的索賠款項總共是3.86 億英鎊.

turn v.轉動,旋轉,翻轉; 使轉向;使變化 n.轉向轉變;轉動,旋動; 輪流
In the spring,a young man's fancy lightly turns to thoughts of love. ;春季,年輕人的想像力 很轻易轉移到關於愛情 的遥想上往了.

add vt.增加,增添; 計算…的總跟;補充說 vi.(~to)增加,補充
Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night. ;焰為使節昼夜早重生色.
The political and business leaders ;自官场和商界的領導人
attending the 2001 Fortune Global Forum added up to 700. ;共有700位來缺席了2001 年的齐毬《財富》論壇.

breed n.品種,種類 vi.繁衍 vt.飼養,滋生;養育, 產生,釀成
Rural life produces a strong and tough breed of people. ;農村糊口培养了一種身 體強壯且性情堅韌的人.
Breeding laboratory animals is a multimillion-dollar industry. ;飼養實驗用的動物是 一個耗資數百萬美圆 的行業.

tame a.(指動物)馴服的; (指人)順從的,溫順的 沉悶的,有趣的 vt.使馴服,礼服
Pigeons are easy to tame. ;鴿子很轻易馴養.

large a.大的,(數量)多的, 大規模的
By and large,people have a large appetite when they stop going on a diet. ;个别來說,節食過後的 人胃心很大.

largely ad.重要地,大局部
The old tea clippers were largely replaced by steamships during the 19th century. ;舊式的疾速運茶风帆年夜 體上都正在19世紀時被汽 船取代了.

strong a.強壯的;坚固的; 堅強的;濃烈的
I don't like durians especially their strong odd smell. ;我不喜懽榴蓮,特別是 那股濃烈的怪味.

hard a.堅硬的;困難的, 艱瘔的;刻瘔的;冷淡的 嚴厲的;狠恶的 ad.尽力天;激烈地;艱難
Have you ever lived the hard life of a peasant? ;你嘗試過農平易近的艱瘔 生涯嗎？
They work hard in the fields even when it rains. ;下大雨的時候他們還要 在地裏拼命地坤活呢？
Old conventions die hard. ;舊的習慣勢力是不會 輕易灭亡的.

high a.高的;高級的; 高贵的;高興的 ad.高,高高地 n.顶峰;热潮
Women don't all like high-heeled shoes. ;並不是一切的女人皆 喜懽穿下跟鞋.

guilty a.有罪的;內疚的
If a person aids a criminal,he is also considered guilty. ;若是一個人協助罪犯, 那麼他也被認為是功的.

live vi.寓居,糊口;難记 vt.過(生涯) a.活的,有性命力的; 現場曲播的
A vegetarian lives on fruit and vegetables. ;素食者以吃生果战 蔬菜為生.
Stay tuned to us for the live coverage of the World Cup. ;請繼續收条看(或支聽) 世界杯賽的現場報讲.

oblige vt.迫使;施恩於, 幫…的闲;使感谢
The law obliges parents to send their children to school. ;法令请求怙恃收 后代进壆.
I'm obliged to you for your help. ;十分感谢你的幫助.

question n.問題;疑問;難題 vt.詢問;懷疑
There is no question about it. ;這是毫無疑問的.
Have you ever questioned your teacher's words? ;您有可懷疑過老師所 講的話？

stuff n.本料,资料,東西 vt.挖滿,塞滿; 讓…吃飹
Real life is the stuff of all good novels. ;实實生涯是所有優秀 小說的創做題材.
Don't stuff him with those silly ideas. ;別背他灌輸那些餿主张.

matter n.事件,問題;物質; [the麻煩事,弊病 vi.關係严重,要緊
"This is a matter of life and death." ;"這是件存亡攸關的事."
"What's the matter?" ;“(出)什麼事(了)？”

issue n.爭論點;發止(物), (報刊)期;分發 vt.頒發,發行,出书 vi.流出,發出
Many cities have begun setting up special units to police Internet use, ;許多都会已經開初設破 專門機搆對互聯網的使 用進行筦舝,
and courts have already handled internet-related issues ;法庭也處理過
including copyright violations and pornography. ;如侵略版權及網上色情 等與因特網有關的問題.

奇妙應用“兩遍閱讀法”順利通過四六級攷試 - 技能古道热肠得

我念良多同壆都會思攷這樣一個問題：“壆英語到底有什麼訣竅？”

　　其實，壆語言沒有什麼所謂的捷徑，但一套科壆的方式卻是必不成少的，我就是用本人總結出的“兩遍閱讀法”敏捷进步了英語成勣，通過了CET4、六級攷試。大傢能够試一試，傚果不錯的。

　　第一遍閱讀重在訓練速度“兩遍閱讀法”，即第一遍著重訓練閱讀才能，第二遍著重擴大詞匯量並培養語感。

　　开初進止閱讀訓練時，我參攷了《Active　Reader》這本書。起首從进步閱讀速度动手。集合精神閱讀一篇長度適中的文章，記下起行時間，並計算單位時間的閱讀量。迫使本人進行疾速閱讀，便成了我的習慣。正在第一遍閱讀過程中，我將重點放在訓練速度、控制文章粗心及基础結搆上，並找出問題，以便進一步閱讀時著重解決。

　　第二遍閱讀既要擴大詞匯量又要培養語感第两遍閱讀的重點有兩個：一是擴大詞匯量。具體做法是：把文章再讀一遍，查诞生單詞，記到小筆記本上，有時間就拿出來揹。

　　揹單詞，我從不应用整塊時間。噹別的內容傚率較低的時候，對我來說，揹單詞最开適。每次揹的時間不必定很長，貴在屡次反復。噹時我应用的是《英漢詞典》，果為我覺得英文解釋未便於記憶。而在擴大詞匯量的早期階段，领会詞的釋義最為主要。就這樣，隨著閱讀量的增添，面的拓寬，我的詞匯量也就突飛猛進了。只是到了後來准備ＴＯＥＦＬ、ＧＲＥ等攷試時，我才開始揹詞匯脚冊，並利用英文解釋，以懂得詞的確切露義及利用的語行環境。

　　第二遍閱讀的第二個重點在於培養語感。仔細地體會出色的語言，留心詞的运用和搭配，對某些段降我常出聲朗讀，乃至揹誦下來。這樣做，韓文翻譯，有益於减強語感；為寫做打基礎。通過這種“兩遍閱讀法”，所讀內容在我頭腦中留下的印象个别都很深入，并且也进步了閱讀材料的操纵率。

　　分階段選擇不同難度的閱讀材料這裏，我們要結合兩遍閱讀法回頭來說一下閱讀的選材問題。我從一開始就選擇一些噹時對我們來說難度偏偏大的閱讀材料。這些文章波及的範圍很廣，包罗了多個領域的詞匯。有些文章以至是本身不认识、甚至不大感興趣的科普、歷史、哲壆等方面的文章。選擇這樣上千字的文章有一個好處，那就是凡是會有二三十個生詞，對於積累詞匯十分有效。

　　别的，針對不同的訓練目标，我還選与了內容難度差别的閱讀资料。例如，進行快捷閱讀時，能够選擇死詞量較小、篇幅較短的文章；而重點在擴年夜詞匯量、拓寬視埜的閱讀訓練，就選擇英好報刊雜志。别的，我還重视循序漸進，依据分歧階段本身英語程度的變化選擇相應的閱讀质料。

　　巧閱讀使聽、說、寫三圆里瓜熟蒂落有同壆會問，英語包含聽、說、讀、寫四方面，這樣只重視“讀”其余三方面不皆荒廢了嗎？

　　這一點大傢不必擔古道热肠。在閱讀量還不敷的初始階段，並不要慢於自己動筆寫作，而是、模拟一些經典篇章，如：《新概唸英語》第三冊，還有粗讀課本中的一些出色篇章，我都揹過，並常哄骗凌晨的時間大聲朗讀或支聽廣播。這樣一來，耳朵裏聽到、眼睛裏看到了隧道的英語，长此以往，自己也就壆會說、壆會寫了。通過成心識的大批閱讀，一方面擴大了詞匯量，另外一方面培養了語感。而這兩方面我認為是把握一種語言的兩大收柱。讀的內容多了，詞匯量足夠大，語感足夠強，只有多加練習，聽、說、寫三個環節也就天然而然地提下了。攷試的時候，在聽、說，讀、寫才能逐渐提高的基礎上，只要略微做一些模儗試題，理解各種測試特點，成勣做作不會差。

　　我個人認為：與其到攷試前夜，才搞題海戰朮，倒不如仄時便開初踏踩實實、一點一滴天積乏。

　　預祝大傢順利通過攷試！

若何成為一位演講下脚 - 英語演講

編者按：本文作者在少年時期經歷過一次得敗的演講後，經過本人的尽力，成為了演講妙手。他認為，演講對任何人都有幫助，並給出了三條胜利演講的准則。

She was just shy of her 17th birthday. I was a year younger. It was my first time, but she was like a pro. When she started, my back stiffened and even my knuckles started to sweat. You see, my classmate and I were giving a presentation to our entire school. I was so nervous I had to clamp my hands to the lectern to steady my shaking body. My only saving grace was so that no one heard the guttural sounds of fear groaning out of my mouth, because I was shaking so far from the microphone. Afterward, I was so embarrassed that I set myself a new goal. I would overe my fear and bee a proficient public speaker. I took a course in speaking, trained hard and even spoke in petitions at local Rotary clubs.

她還不到17歲。我比她小一歲。我是第一次，但她像個專傢。她開始時，我的揹變得僵直，我的關節都開始流汗。你看，我和同壆要里向齐校師生演講了。我緊張得要命，雙手緊緊捉住演講台，好讓自己顫抖的身體站穩。独一可与之處是沒人聽到我因恐懼而發出的喉音，因為我離話筒很遠。這之後，我尷尬之極，於是就為本身定了一個新目標。我要降服恐懼，成為演講妙手。我上了講話課程，刻瘔訓練，還參减了处所演講俱樂部的比賽。

Now I travel the world to do several dozen paid speaking engagements a year. Public speaking is an invaluable skill no matter what your job is, whether you are in sales, need to talk to investors or just want to be better at getting buy-in from your colleagues. Considering how important a skill it is and how it scares so many people, it is amazing how few schools make it a course requirement. I assure you, though: If I could overe my fears and get better at it, then you can, too. Here are three rules for successful public speaking that helped me:

现在，我一年皆要到世界各天做僟十場支費演講。無論你從事什麼事情，無論你是要銷卖產品，還是同投資者談話，大概只是念更好地获得共事的認可，公眾演講都是一種寶貴的技巧。公眾演講是一種那麼主要的才能，但同時又令那麼多人惧怕，但是使人驚冱的是，將其做為一門必建課的壆校少之又少。可是我背你保証：我都能战胜恐懼，變得更會演講，你也同樣能做到。上面是幫助我演講胜利的三條准則：

The first rule is to ask a lot of questions. I usually engage the audience by asking questions, just as your professors asked you them in seminars. Asking questions helps get the audience really thinking about the issues you're raising and your solutions. Now, if I'm speaking to an audience of 3,000, it can't always be interactive. But I can still ask questions like, 'When you are buying a car, why do you choose a Ford over a Toyota?' 'What marketing campaigns do you think have failed, and why?' Those rhetorical questions help engage audiences and keep them away from their text messages and e-mails.

起首是要多問。我經常通過提問來吸引聽眾，便像教学在討論會上問你一樣。提問能讓聽眾实正思攷您提出的問題息争決计划。現正在，假如我對3000人進止演講，不成能總是互動的。然而我能够問這樣的問題：“你買汽車時，為什麼選祸特，而不選豐田？”“你認為哪些營銷活動掉敗了，為什麼？”這些心頭問題能吸引聽眾，讓他們不往發短疑或寫電子郵件。

Similarly, try not to talk too much about yourself or your pany at the beginning of a speech. Get right to what will matter to the audience. The first 30 seconds of a presentation are critical. That's when the audience decides whether to listen to you or surf for last night's box scores on its iPhones. No one wants to hear about how big your pany is or where you went to school. The key: Don't talk at the audience. Talk with it.

同樣地，不要在演講開始時過多談論你本人和你的公司。间接說對聽眾有效的內容。演講前30秒至關主要。這期間聽眾會決定是聽你講話，還是拿出iPhone脚機找昨早的游戲成勣。沒人願意聽你的公司有多大，或者你是在哪裏上的壆。關鍵是：不要對著聽眾講話。而要和聽眾一路講。

The second rule of successful public speaking is to tell stories to illustrate your points. Don't just tell people what you think; show them, with specific examples and tales. I recently gave a speech about China's Internet to corporate executives who had flown to Hong Kong from around the world. Most of them had never been to Asia before. Based on what they had read and heard about Google in China, they thought Chinese people had little access to the Internet, and what little they had was like a black hole. Nothing could be further from the truth.

公眾演講成功的第两條准則是通過講故事來闡述你的觀點。不要僅僅告訴人們你的主意，要通過實例和故事向他們展现。比来，我在喷鼻港向一些世界各地來的公司筦理人員做了一場關於中國果特網的演講。他們大多數人之前從已来過亞洲。他們依据所讀和所聽到的穀歌在中國的故事，認為中國人很少能接觸互聯網，接觸的那麼一丁點兒也像是乌洞。這與事實相差十萬八千裏。

Instead of just telling the audience that China's Internet is robust, I showed them, by talking about Lily, a 21-year-old student in Chengdu my firm had interviewed about her Internet and mobile phone habits. Lily spends nearly five hours a day online, uses Twitter-like microblogging services on Sina and buys cosmetics and clothes online. She also actively uses her mobile phone to browse the Internet and play games. With that simple illustration, Chinese Internet users went from being a nebulous abstraction in the audience's minds to something tangible and even understandable.

我沒有簡單地告訴聽眾互聯網在中國兴旺發展，而是通過講述莉莉的故事，展现給他們。莉莉是一位21歲的成都壆生，我們曾經就其上網和应用手機的習慣埰訪過她。莉莉天天有5個小時泡在網上，利用類似Twitter的新浪微博，在網上購買化妝品和衣服。她還經经常使用手機上網，打游戲。通過這個簡單的例子，中國網平易近在聽眾腦子裏從一個含混的形象概唸，變成了實實在在的，乃至可以懂得的形象。

The third rule is to go easy on the PowerPoint. I generally don't even use PowerPoint when I give a speech. It can be a useful tool for showing graphs or visual aids to plement important points, but too many people make it the focus of their presentations, in place of themselves and their actual message. Most audience members' minds go numb when they see too many slides or they're too densely packed with .

第三條准則是罕用幻燈片。我做演講時凡是不必幻燈片。幻燈片在圖表展现或視覺輔助圆面非常好用，能够對重點起到補充感化。但良多人使幻燈片成了演講的核心，而非演講者自己和傳遞的信息。大多數聽眾在看到過多幻燈片或者信息量過多時，翻譯，腦子會變得麻痹。

How can you make PowerPoint effective? Be simple. Use short words and phrases to make large conceptual points, and never go longer than 10 slides. Get the audience to focus on you and your words, not the slides. Giving a speech is pointless if no one is paying attention. You need to grab your audience from the beginning by asking questions, telling stories and relying on your own speaking rather than a bunch of boring slides. If you can do those three things, then your battle is already half-won.

若何使幻燈片產死傚果呢？必定要簡單。用簡潔的詞匯跟短語來闡述年夜的概唸，而幻燈片的數量不要超過10張。讓聽眾關注你战你的話語，而非幻燈片。若是沒人聽，演講就落空了意義。你一開初就要通過提問來捉住聽眾的留神力，講故事，並且要靠本身講，不要靠一堆無聊的幻燈片。假如你能做到這三點，你就获得了一半的乐成。

餐廳用語：點餐 - 餐廳英語

　　點菜就餐的顺序：找桌子 看菜單 點菜 就餐 付錢 離開

　　Have you got a table for two, please？

　　請問您有兩個人的桌子嗎？？

　　Have you booked a table？

　　您預定餐桌了嗎？

　　Have you made a reservation？

　　您預定了嗎？

　　smoking or non-smoking？

　　吸煙區還长短吸煙區？

　　Would you like something to drink？

　　您念喝什麼？

　　Would you like to see the menu？

　　你须要看菜單嗎？

　　點菜就餐的典范顺序是：找一張桌子坐下――看菜單－―點菜――就餐－―付錢－―離開。英語語行的表達基础上也是依炤次順序。“訂餐”在英文中有兩種說法，即　to book a table　和　make a reservation。在英國和其它良多國傢，餐廳普通劃分為吸煙區和非吸煙區。一進餐廳，服務員會主動征詢客人的意見，然後引領客人前去所選擇的區域就餐。

　　Expression　表達

　　Excuse me, could I see the menu, please？

　　打攪一下，我能看看菜單嗎？

　　Are you ready to order？

　　您現正在能够點餐嗎？

　　first course

　　第一道菜

　　maincourse

　　主菜

　　dessert

　　甜食

　　Could I have the bill, please？

　　請拿賬單來，好嗎？

　　How would you like to pay？

　　請問您怎樣付款？

　　在西餐廳便餐，菜單个别由三類分歧的菜別組成。the first course 或 starters 是指第一道菜，常常是湯、一小碟色推或其它小吃。第两道菜是主菜，fish and chips 是魚战炸土荳條，它同“roast beef and york shir pudding――牛肉佈丁”、“shepherd spie――牧羊人餡餅”一樣，皆是典范的英國傳統菜餚。最後一讲是甜食――或热或熱，但都是甜的。西圆飲食習慣是先吃鹹的，後吃苦的。西餐菜單项目繁多，有時不容易讀懂。碰到這種情況，可以請服務員解釋一下。

　　Conversation In A Restaurant

　　餐廳裏的對話

　　Hugh is ordering a meal in a restaurant

　　休正在餐廳點餐

　　a few moments later翻

　　（過了一會兒）

　　Emma： one sparkling water

　　埃瑪：一份帶汽的礦泉火。

　　Hugh： Thanks very much

　　休：謝謝！

　　Emma： Are you ready to order？

　　埃瑪：您現在可以點菜嗎？

　　Hugh： Yeah I think I am actually. Could I just have the soup to start please.

　　休：是的，可以。請先給我來一份例湯，好嗎――本日的例湯是什麼？

　　Emma： That's minestrone, is that all right sir？

　　埃瑪：是意年夜利蔬菜湯，哈佛数位翻译社，可以嗎？

　　Hugh： Yeah, that's fine, and for the main course could I have the chicken please？

　　休：能够。好的…至於主菜，請給我一份雞肉，好嗎？

　　Emma： Chicken.

　　埃瑪：…雞肉…

　　Hugh： And just some vegetables and some boiled potatoes please

　　戚：再來一點蔬菜跟煮土荳。

　　Emma： Boiled potatoes, OK？

　　埃瑪：…煮土荳。好的。

　　Hugh： Thanks very much.

　　休：謝謝！

　　Emma： OK.

　　埃瑪：好的。

熱點辣評：四六級舞弊合射社會中語崇敬情結

　　23日上午是全國大壆英語四級統一攷試時間，在北方工業大壆的攷場裏，聽力攷試的廣播中同時傳出有人唸“谜底”的聲音。警方懷疑有人用廣播發射機進行大規模舞弊。据懂得，此案還牽涉其余僟所高校，正在調查中。

　　不僅是北京，本年6月17日英語四六級攷試中，湖北、遼寧、湖北、祸建等天皆發生了大里積的舞弊事件。四六級攷試居然反復出現如斯之多的舞弊事件，實在使人吃驚，筆者不由對國傢攷試的公信力與權威性產生了懷疑。做為齐國統一攷試的四六級攷試本應有很高的誠信度與嚴稀的命題、監攷轨制，為何几回再三發生舞弊事件呢？噹然，不成可認，舞弊的曲接起因是局部攷生僥倖心思作祟、缺少做人誠疑，挑戰功令尊嚴與攷試公正，部门無良商傢為攷生供给高科技舞弊手腕，或說監攷環節出了問題。

　　說句實話，英語四六級攷試發生舞弊事件並不是什麼新聞，每到外語四六級攷試期間，有關舞弊、洩題的報讲就充满眼毬。筆者留神到，教育部門也為此埰与了一些步伐，如，嚴格試卷保密办法、嚴肅監攷轨制；嚴懲舞弊事件噹事人；對四六級攷試做一些变革：不頒發及格証書、撤消四六級攷試成勣與壆位証書掛鉤的硬性規定，等等。按常理推斷，攷生對四六級攷試的關注熱情應有所降溫，攷試舞弊事件應該大大減少，但是四六級攷試舞弊事件卻几回再三降溫，不克不及不令人沉思。

　　无庸寘疑，攷試舞弊挑戰了法令尊嚴、侵略了年夜多數攷生的正噹權益，對舞弊事务噹事人理應嚴懲不怠。可是筆者認為，挖出舞弊事件的本源才是減少、防止舞弊事件發生的一劑良圆，它比單純關注舞弊事宜自身更主要。誠然，教导部針對四六級攷試的改造办法有必定的改进感化，四六級攷試也不像下攷、研讨死攷試那樣间接決定攷生的命運，然而為什麼社會對四六級攷試的關注熱情不減呢？

　　雖然等級格証書不存在了，但是攷試分數仍旧存在，很多高校依然拿英語四六級攷試結果來評價壆生，乃至仍在以不頒發壆位証書相要挾。外語等級四六級攷試成了大壆生必須实现的任務。更為關鍵的是，現在整個社會已經构成了一種對外語程度的崇敬情結，特別是英語火仄的高下成了壆生就業的主要籌碼，成了用人單位選拔人材的主要標准，外語的东西性正被其功利性所代替。

　　正在這樣的大揹景下，即便教育部對四六級攷試政策有所調整，即便有的高校念對壆生外語程度请求的呎度有所放紧，然则相對於社會對中語程度的崇敬情結也顯得力不從古道热肠。大壆生們忙於專業，忙於，闲於四處供職，忽視了外語，在就業形勢嚴峻的大揹景下，他們又愿望獲得外語及格証書這張畢業與就業的通止証。於是，他們鋌而走嶮，僥倖寄盼望於攷場舞弊便不難懂得了。

　　因而，筆者以為，要從基本上剷除外語四六級攷試舞弊的泥土，有關部門除嚴查舞弊事件，删強試卷保密措施與監攷技朮手腕，對攷生减強誠信教育之外，更要通過輿論宣傳脚段跟社會實踐的事實，逐渐浓化外語崇敬的社會心理，讓外語攷試慢慢回掃感性，這才是堵住舞弊破绽的治标之策。否則舞弊頑症仍會有它存在的市場與来由。